»
Code examples /
Quick Keras Recipes /
Endpoint layer pattern
Endpoint layer pattern
Author: fchollet
Date created: 2019/05/10
Last modified: 2019/05/10
Description: Demonstration of the "endpoint layer" pattern (layer that handles loss management).
Setup
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
import numpy as np
Usage of endpoint layers in the Functional API
An "endpoint layer" has access to the model's targets, and creates arbitrary losses and
metrics using add_loss and add_metric. This enables you to define losses and
metrics that don't match the usual signature fn(y_true, y_pred, sample_weight=None).
Note that you could have separate metrics for training and eval with this pattern.
class LogisticEndpoint(keras.layers.Layer):
def __init__(self, name=None):
super().__init__(name=name)
self.loss_fn = keras.losses.BinaryCrossentropy(from_logits=True)
self.accuracy_fn = keras.metrics.BinaryAccuracy(name="accuracy")
def call(self, logits, targets=None, sample_weight=None):
if targets is not None:
# Compute the training-time loss value and add it
# to the layer using `self.add_loss()`.
loss = self.loss_fn(targets, logits, sample_weight)
self.add_loss(loss)
# Log the accuracy as a metric (we could log arbitrary metrics,
# including different metrics for training and inference.
self.add_metric(self.accuracy_fn(targets, logits, sample_weight))
# Return the inference-time prediction tensor (for `.predict()`).
return tf.nn.softmax(logits)
inputs = keras.Input((764,), name="inputs")
logits = keras.layers.Dense(1)(inputs)
targets = keras.Input((1,), name="targets")
sample_weight = keras.Input((1,), name="sample_weight")
preds = LogisticEndpoint()(logits, targets, sample_weight)
model = keras.Model([inputs, targets, sample_weight], preds)
data = {
"inputs": np.random.random((1000, 764)),
"targets": np.random.random((1000, 1)),
"sample_weight": np.random.random((1000, 1)),
}
model.compile(keras.optimizers.Adam(1e-3))
model.fit(data, epochs=2)
Epoch 1/2
32/32 [==============================] - 0s 898us/step - loss: 0.3674 - accuracy: 0.0000e+00
Epoch 2/2
32/32 [==============================] - 0s 847us/step - loss: 0.3563 - accuracy: 0.0000e+00
<tensorflow.python.keras.callbacks.History at 0x14b31d090>
Exporting an inference-only model
Simply don't include targets in the model. The weights stay the same.
inputs = keras.Input((764,), name="inputs")
logits = keras.layers.Dense(1)(inputs)
preds = LogisticEndpoint()(logits, targets=None, sample_weight=None)
inference_model = keras.Model(inputs, preds)
inference_model.set_weights(model.get_weights())
preds = inference_model.predict(np.random.random((1000, 764)))
Usage of loss endpoint layers in subclassed models
class LogReg(keras.Model):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.dense = keras.layers.Dense(1)
self.logistic_endpoint = LogisticEndpoint()
def call(self, inputs):
# Note that all inputs should be in the first argument
# since we want to be able to call `model.fit(inputs)`.
logits = self.dense(inputs["inputs"])
preds = self.logistic_endpoint(
logits=logits,
targets=inputs["targets"],
sample_weight=inputs["sample_weight"],
)
return preds
model = LogReg()
data = {
"inputs": np.random.random((1000, 764)),
"targets": np.random.random((1000, 1)),
"sample_weight": np.random.random((1000, 1)),
}
model.compile(keras.optimizers.Adam(1e-3))
model.fit(data, epochs=2)
Epoch 1/2
32/32 [==============================] - 0s 833us/step - loss: 0.3499 - accuracy: 0.0000e+00
Epoch 2/2
32/32 [==============================] - 0s 643us/step - loss: 0.3443 - accuracy: 0.0000e+00
<tensorflow.python.keras.callbacks.History at 0x14afb6850>