Dense layer

[source]

Dense class

tf_keras.layers.Dense(
    units,
    activation=None,
    use_bias=True,
    kernel_initializer="glorot_uniform",
    bias_initializer="zeros",
    kernel_regularizer=None,
    bias_regularizer=None,
    activity_regularizer=None,
    kernel_constraint=None,
    bias_constraint=None,
    **kwargs
)

Just your regular densely-connected NN layer.

Dense implements the operation: output = activation(dot(input, kernel) + bias) where activation is the element-wise activation function passed as the activation argument, kernel is a weights matrix created by the layer, and bias is a bias vector created by the layer (only applicable if use_bias is True). These are all attributes of Dense.

Note: If the input to the layer has a rank greater than 2, then Dense computes the dot product between the inputs and the kernel along the last axis of the inputs and axis 0 of the kernel (using tf.tensordot). For example, if input has dimensions (batch_size, d0, d1), then we create a kernel with shape (d1, units), and the kernel operates along axis 2 of the input, on every sub-tensor of shape (1, 1, d1) (there are batch_size * d0 such sub-tensors). The output in this case will have shape (batch_size, d0, units).

Besides, layer attributes cannot be modified after the layer has been called once (except the trainable attribute). When a popular kwarg input_shape is passed, then keras will create an input layer to insert before the current layer. This can be treated equivalent to explicitly defining an InputLayer.

Example

>>> # Create a `Sequential` model and add a Dense layer as the first layer.
>>> model = tf.keras.models.Sequential()
>>> model.add(tf.keras.Input(shape=(16,)))
>>> model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(32, activation='relu'))
>>> # Now the model will take as input arrays of shape (None, 16)
>>> # and output arrays of shape (None, 32).
>>> # Note that after the first layer, you don't need to specify
>>> # the size of the input anymore:
>>> model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(32))
>>> model.output_shape
(None, 32)

Arguments

• units: Positive integer, dimensionality of the output space.
• activation: Activation function to use. If you don't specify anything, no activation is applied (ie. "linear" activation: a(x) = x).
• use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
• kernel_initializer: Initializer for the kernel weights matrix.
• bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector.
• kernel_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the kernel weights matrix.
• bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector.
• activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the output of the layer (its "activation").
• kernel_constraint: Constraint function applied to the kernel weights matrix.
• bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector.

Input shape

N-D tensor with shape: (batch_size, ..., input_dim). The most common situation would be a 2D input with shape (batch_size, input_dim).

Output shape

N-D tensor with shape: (batch_size, ..., units). For instance, for a 2D input with shape (batch_size, input_dim), the output would have shape (batch_size, units).